Drug | Mechanism | Dosing (5 days) |
---|---|---|
Nitrofurantoin monohydrate/ macrocrystals (Macrobid) | reactive intermediates inactivate/alter bacterial ribosomal proteins | 100mg BID x 5 days (women) 7d for men |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) | interferes with purine and therefore DNA synthesis | DS tablet (160/800 mg) twice daily for 3 days |
Fosfomycin | inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan by blocking formation of N-acetylmuramic acid | 3 g as a single dose |
Pivmecillinam | binds and inactivates penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2) | 400 mg orally twice daily for 5-7 days |
Levaquin | inhibits bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase |
(uUTI) 250mg for 3 days (cUTI) 750 mg for 5 days |
Ciprofloxacin | 250 mg every 12 hours for 3 days | |
Cephalexin | binds and inactivates PBPs | 500mg BID for 5-7 days |
uUTI = uncomplicated UTI, cUTI=complicated UTI
Lower UTI in pregnancy:
UTI during pregnancy always requires culture/sensitivity and usually requires a 7–14-day treatment.